Clearly the markets weren’t the only source of food. The High Street contained a far higher proportion of shops selling food than today. The way the shops were run was very different to today. Muriel Langford describes a trip to the shops in the early 1950s;

I used to go to the grocers and I could sit down, lovely. They’d go through your list and say, “yes, yes, we’ve some new whatever it is, would you like to taste some?” You’d have a little snippet of cheese or something, “great, yes, we’ll have that”. “Now we’ve got a tin of broken biscuits, but they’re not too bad (half price you see), would you like them?” As soon as you put a biscuit in your mouth it’s broken isn’t it! Then they’d say, “Now Mrs. Langford, you’re going to the butchers, yes, yes, and going to get some fish? Yes, yes, and paraffin? Yes, yes… and they used to say to me now bring any parcels in, we’ll put it in the box with your groceries and bring the lot up for you. And they did. They’d come and deliver and you’d go through it and say that’s fine and would you like a cup of tea…

As well as the home deliveries offered by the shops, other traders, such as butchers, the creameries and local farmers also offered home delivery services (not an idea new to Tescos!). Marion Adams recalls one of the traders who supplied her family’s bed and breakfast business. “I can remember when a lady used to come and sit at the table and say “and what would you like this week Mrs. Taylor? She would write down the order, Mum would check her cupboards and it would be delivered and paid for”. Vera Harvey recalls deliveries of bread from Tarrings Bakery, and that Mrs Sollar’s grocery and Nott’s Dairy (run from the same shop) also did deliveries in the town.

For those living in settlements outside the town, such as Margot Vickers who was living in South Brent, the home deliveries were vital. Her milk was delivered by a local farmer, cream was collected on Sundays on the way to church, and the local shop provided whatever else she couldn’t produce herself.

International Stores, the first supermarket in Totnes? (© Totnes Image Bank and Rural Archive)

Reflecting on the changes seen in the local economy, Ken Gill is unsure change has necessarily been for the better. He said “it has been progress of a sort, or has it? I’m not sure. We lost something we will never be able to regain. The loss of a lot of small shops has been hard, although we have replaced them with what we might call ‘slightly unusual shops’… We’ve lost the dairies, the independent grocers, although we have retained a good selection of butchers and some good cheese and fish shops. When you consider what we used to have….”

The supermarket age began at the end of the period we have been exploring here, on May 28^th 1968, with the opening of Gateway, in what is now the chemist besides the Market Square. Nowadays the opening of a new supermarket in the town would be front-page news, but Alan Langmaid, then a reporter for the Totnes Times, says that it “didn’t even register” for him, and was only reported in the Totnes Times on page five.

Early shoppers in the Gateway supermarket, 1960s (© Totnes Image Bank and Rural Archive)

Prior to the Gateway supermarket, the town had proto-supermarkets like Liptons and ‘Dickie’s Discount Store’, and at 58a. High Street there was International Stores, which had begun in the mid-30s as a standard grocers, but as the opening of Gateway approached, tried to make itself more supermarket-like. Alan Langmaid recalls it as “a shambles with one supermarket-type till near the door. I would not call this a dedicated supermarket though. More of a shop that was trying to move with the times”. There was also a very popular Co-operative Store, which Val Price remembers her mother loyally sticking with, in spite of the opening of the Gateway supermarket.

Margot Vickers is dismissive of the idea that the arrival of the supermarket era was to the benefit of the town. When asked why she thought the supermarkets caught on, her reply identified another important social trend that was well underway by the early 1960s. “There were more women working by then, gradually almost every woman was working, except perhaps for some of the older ones. So it was more convenient. I hate the word ‘convenient’, but it was more convenient, to buy everything all wrapped up in plastic from one place”.

Marion Adams remembers the shops until the mid-60s as being very different from today. “Everyone seemed to buy everything in the town, they didn’t go anywhere to buy it”. The idea, which began to emerge in the late 1960s, that shopping meant driving to another town, would have been baffling in the 40s and 50s. It is interesting also to get a sense of the extent to which the town’s shops reflected its position at the heart of a rural community, much more than it does at the moment, and how it was more of a working rural town than at present. Andy Langford recalls the High Street of his childhood.

All of the little back streets had some kinds of artisans or builders yards or something going on in them. You didn’t have to go very far out of the High Street before you were in light industrial premises. All of the top of town like Harris’s ironmongers, they had their big ironmongery shop, but on the other side they had, where Greenfibres is now, an agricultural machinery shop. Can you believe it?! There was agricultural machinery sitting there, which was for sale! They sold harrows and seed drills and things to go on the back of tractors! They had a little showroom of all that sort of stuff. Then they had the blacksmiths forge just round the back there.

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